survived to our day; “Actually, of course, there is very little real 
difference between the fifteenth-century manuscripts and the 
incunabula—and the student of the earliest printing would be 
well advised if he viewed the new invention, as the first printers 
did, as simply another form of writing—in this case, 
“artificialiter scribere.” (p. 16) The “horseless carriage” was for 
a time in the same ambiguous state as the printed book.

     Bühler’s data about the peaceful co-existence between 
scribe and printer will be new and welcome to many readers:

          What, then, became of the book-scribes? What 
     happened to the various categories of writers of literary 
     works, who practised their trade prior to 1450, once the 
     printing press was established? The professionals 
     previously employed by the large scriptoria seem to have